IEEE 2011 Project Titles
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SENSOR IMAGERY Branch: Automotive
Processor: AT89C51,PIC16F877A X86,
Hardware: C51,RF-ID,GSM-FBUS
Software: KeilC51: C51
Aim:
This project aims at designing control system for a robot such that the unmanned vehicle is controlled using PC and wireless RF communication. In this project the controlling is done depending on the feedback provided by the IR sensor, which is the part of object detection circuit.
Description:
The project contains different modules such as,
Object detection and angle determination in the path using IR sensor.
Obstacle avoidance and enemy detection.
Design of RF circuits for data transfer and camera interface.
In the object detection module when the AT89c2051 micro controller is powered up the stepper motor starts rotating at 360-degree arc. The IR sensor is mounted on stepper motor. When an object is detected by the IR sensor the microcontroller stops the robot and stepper motor.
The video camera mounted on the stepper motor starts transmitting the object picture continuously. Here the IR sensor consists of IR transmitter and receiver .the IR transmitter is a led and receiver is detected the object and receive the IR pulse. Here the frequency used is 38 kHz. The angle detected is sent to PC using RF communication. The rotation of each step is calculated in to each step. From PC keyboard to control the speed, left and right control key value is sending through Serial port. The printer port is connected into RF Encoder circuits and RF Transmitter.
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The data transmission is happened in 4-bit communication. PC key entering value is sending to RF. The value will receive into the RX-RF and compare of each value and control all steps. But IR it will work under object detection and controller will shoot or enable the Laser Light.
In the RF circuit design two pairs of RF transmitter and receiver are used. One set is used for communication between AT89c2051 micro controllers.
Overview of Embedded C
The C programming language is a general-purpose programming language that provides code efficiency, elements of structured programming, and a rich set of operators. C is not a big language and is not designed for any one particular area of application. Its generality combined with its absence of restrictions, makes C a convenient and effective programming solution for a wide variety of software tasks. Many applications can be solved more easily and efficiently with C than with other more specialized languages.
The Cx51 Optimizing C Compiler is a complete implementation of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) standard for the C language. Cx51 is not a universal C compiler adapted for the 8051 target. It is a ground-up implementation dedicated to generating extremely fast and compact code for the 8051 microprocessor. Cx51 provides you with the flexibility of programming in C and the code efficiency and speed of assembly language.
The C language on its own is not capable of performing operations (such as input and output) that would normally require intervention from the operating system. Instead, these capabilities are provided as part of the standard library. Because these functions are separate from the language itself, C is especially suited for producing code that is portable across a wide number of platforms.
Since Cx51 is a cross compiler, some aspects of the C programming language and standard libraries are altered or enhanced to address the peculiarities of an embedded target processor.
Block Diagram of PC Control Unit:
Micro
Control
LCD
Encoder RF
Decoder RF
MAX 232
MAX 232
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF VEHICLE CONTROLLER CIRCUITS:
AT89C2051
Speed Control
DC
DRIVER
CIRCUIT
DC
MOTOR
DECODER
RF
RX
Object Detection Circuits IR SENSOR
and Circuit
STEPPER
MOTOR
Laser Light
Moving object detection Circuits
TX
RX
FUCTIONING OVERVIEW OF VEHICLE CONTROLLER CIRCUITS:
The Main Micro Controller is Connected into Object detect circuits, Moving Object Detect circuits, Speed Control Circuits, Video Camera with Angle detection of 360 degree circuits, Laser control circuits and RF Receiver circuits. Which is communicating to PC Using RF Communication.
1) When the vehicle will moving in the any area Automatically will detect the object through object detect IR circuits. If Object is detected it will track the other path.
2) When Moving Object is detected then it will decide which is enemy or our army person.
3) If its enemy, the object is moving object then the micro control will read the data if the RFID is not matching else no enemy (RFID value is matched) detected the vehicle will moving to detect other object. Which contains IR TX and RX using 38KHZ and 40KHZ.
4) If the enemy is detected then it will shoot to the moving object / enemy through Laser beam and it will pass sleeping Gas.
5) The stepper motor will rotate 360-degree angle, when the object is detected then it will send the angle to PC using RF communication.
6)
7) DC motor Driver used to control the RPM (Speed), Forward and Reverse of the Vehicle.
8) Another DC motor is used to Control the Left and Right controller.
9) When the object will detect, then the Sensor will sense the object and where ever the object will move the motor will move in to the object moving places.
10) All control Data will controlling from PC using RF Communication.
RF ID:
Here will store ID number then always will send the ID value through RF TX in 433MHZ frequency.
Frame format of RFID
Micro Controller
Encoder
RF Circuit
Start Bit-1 Data – 8 Bit Stop Bit - 1
CONNECTION DETAILS:
a) Atmel 89C2051, An 89c2051 core based microcontroller is used for controlling the functions of two wheeled robot
b) A Stepper Motor is used to rotate the IR-1 by minimum speed.
c) DC Motor is only used to drive the vehicle in forward and reverse directions.
d) Stepper motor driven by using the Driver Circuit. The driver circuit having two transistors BD115 and 547 models, they collect the data from the microcontroller and send it to the stepper motor.
e) IR sensor is used to detect the object and find the angle of the object. For that reason the IR-1 will rotate 360 degree at slow speed.
f) The IR sensor and camera are mounted on stepper motor.
g) A relay is used to turn the shaft, which is connected in between the two wheels. It will turn to the angle indicated by the microcontroller.
h) The micro controller AT89C2051 is connected to RF Receiver and PIC is connected to the RF transmitter
i) The RS232 Connection used for serial communication.
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION:
a) Our program coding for object detection is burn into the 8051 microcontroller.
b) The microcontroller sends the 4-bit data through driver circuit to run the stepper motor.
c) We can control the speed of the stepper motor. The motor is rotated at minimum speed.
d) The stepper motor is connected with the IR, which rotates it step-by-step slowly to 360 degree. The DC motor is used to move the vehicle in forward direction.
e) At the time of IR rotation if an object is detected in the particular angle, then an interrupt will occur at the micro controller indicating the angle at which the object was detected
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f) From the data obtained, the relay is indicated to turn the shaft and move the vehicle away from the detected object i.e. the direction of vehicle be changed.
g) If the object is detected in the path of the vehicle, then the camera is given the power supply, which flashes the object image on the screen. This process is continued, whenever the object is detected in the path.
h) The vehicle reverse direction will be controlled by the flow of current through the DC motor.
i) If any enemies detect or frequencies are matching then the Laser Light will shoot/glow the particular object and it will open sleeping Gas.
HARDWARE
Atmel 89c51Microcontroller.
IR sensor, Stepper motor and RPM control Circuits.
Laser Light with Circuits
Serial Driver Circuits
Two pairs of RF transmitter and receiver
SOFTWARE
Embedded ‘C’.
TOOLS USED
Keil C compiler, CCS
Application:
1) Military (Army)
2) Industrial Automation
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Advantages:
1) Moving Object Detection of Enemy and Obstacle.
2) Auto Detect and Shooting
3) Angle Detection
4) Speed Control
5) Wireless image TX and RX system.
6) RFID for Enemy detection
7) Compact Vehicle
8) Real Time mode.
Future of this System:
1) Image Process of Enemy detection
2) Path finding and Tracking
Have Query ? Doubts ? DO post your comments below..to get help.
