IEEE INSTRUMENTATION PROJECTS-AIR COMPRESSOR CONTROL USING PLC

IEEE INSTRUMENTATION PROJECTS-AIR COMPRESSOR CONTROL USING PLC:

Abstract:

  • Being a hazardous industry refineries are supposed to be controlled by pneumatic devices. The applications and usage of electrical driven motors may increase the risk of sparking or fire in a refinery.
  • In order to avoid this problem the refineries use pneumatic operator valves. It means the control valves which are operated on the application of the instrument air. They are called air operator valve(AOV).
  • Initially the plant is being controlled by solid state logic which is not up to the expectation i.e. reliability was not so high and because of this the availability of the machine is also low.
  • Hence, in the proposed project we use a programmable logic controller with a suitable ladder logic configuration is used to find a solution for this particular drawback.

 BLOCK DIAGRAM:
Plant Description:
  1. To provide limits for moisture content in instrument  air; 
  2. To provide limits for entrained particle size and oil content in instrument  air; 
  3. To reduce corrosive or toxic contamination entering the air system through the compressor suction, plant air system cross connection, or instrument air connections directly connected to processes; 
  4. To establish air standard supply pressures (with limit values) and operating ranges for pneumatic devices; 
  5. To provide ranges of pneumatic transmission signals used in measurement and control systems between elements of systems. It includes, but is not limited to, the following:
  6. Pneumatic controllers
  7. Pneumatic transmitters and information transmission systems 
  8. Current-to-Pressure transducers 
  9. Pneumatic control loops;
Components to be controlled:
  • Filter
  • Motor
  • Drier
  • Accumulator
  • Knock out drum
Hence this post is very useful to final year enginnering students to decide their project titles.For more detail about the project in various fields such as Mech,EEE,EIE,Civil and CSE/IT visit our site newprojectideas.

To view a engineering Wireless & Network related project,


IEEE PROJECTS FOR ECE-MICROCONTROLLER BASED TENS

IEEE EMBEDDED PROJECTS FOR ECE-MICROCONTROLLER BASED TENS:

1.1 Abstract:
                The Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulator (TENS), physiotherapy equipment based on the analog model has some of the limitations regarding the consumption of power, time and also even a minor modification is difficult to rectify. Due to the presence of many resistors and capacitors the tolerance value may change and because of that periodic tuning is necessary.  Therefore it is very difficult for the physicians to bring the exact result for the patients.

1.2 PRODUCTS AND SERVICES

 1.2.1 Functional Substitution Service:

    The rapid growth of electronic Industry makes many parts to become obsolete at a very short period. They provide functional substitute for electronic modules using latest technology and components. They do drop in replacements, equivalent in form fit and function to the original. The substituted/ reverse engineered products are designed to meet or even excel the original.

1.2.2 Medical Electronics
    
The solutions extend to different segments in medical domain from Diagnostic, therapeutic to surgery.

1.2.3 Motor Driving Units

·        DC motors
·        Stepper motors
·        Servo motors
·        DCBM motors
·        Peristaltic and Venture pumps

1.2.4 Bio-Tech Lab Equipments

Control for laboratory equipments emulating Biological systems was developed. Some of the lab equipment controls are:-
  • ·        Protein analyzer control system
  • ·        Fat analyzer control system
  • ·        Shakers and oven control system
  •            Nitrogen analyzer control system

1.3 PCB Designing Service
  • ·        High speed board design.
  • ·        Mixed signal board layout techniques.
  • ·        Semi control through layout techniques.
  • ·        Multi-layer PCB fabrications.

1.4 Processors and Controllers

·        8-bit, 16-bit, and 32-bit controllers.
·        High speed mixed signal controller (up to 100 MIPS).
·        24 bit ADC and 12 bit DAC.
·        SDRAM and FLASH interfacing features.
·        Direct TFT driving.
·        Silicon Labs, Atmel, Renesas, Cypress PSoC.

1.5 Industrial Electronics/Automation

In the area of Industrial Electronics, Malar has done design and development based on advanced technology and has the experience of working with most sophisticated and safety critical embedded systems.
·        Digital wire processor
·        Currency counter
·        Crimp force analyzer
·        Wiring harness tester
·        Automatic crimping, stripping and sleeve cutter.
·        LED based Emergency light unit for Railways
·        Platform ticket vending machine

1.6 Renewable Energy

·        Control unit for wind mill from 200 watts to 5 kilo watt capacity.
·        Electronics for Solar thermal power plant from 20 to 200 kilo watt capacity.
·        Indigenization of control units for high capacity wind mills.

1.7 Sensors and Monitoring System

·        Piezo crystal - for force analysis in Industrial automation.
·        Pressure Sensors (Piezo based) - used in medical application products.
·        Piezo crystal - used for image scanning in medical application products.
·        PIR motion sensors - used in consumer electronics/home automation products.


Hence this post is very useful to final year enginnering students to decide their project titles.For more detail about the project in various fields such as Mech,EEE,EIE,Civil and CSE/IT visit our site newprojectideas.

To view a engineering Wireless & Network related project,



NEW IEEE 2012 INDUSTRIAL NETWORKS AND PROTOCOLS PROJECT LISTS

NEW IEEE 2012 INDUSTRIAL NETWORKS AND PROTOCOLS PROJECT LISTS:


This post provides the top 25 high rated Industrial Networks and Protocols project title to enhance your project ideas.Some Industrial Networks and Protocols based projects are:-

1.Online Fault Diagnosis for Controller Area Networks
2 .Automation Using digital Bidirectional Power line Communication protocol
3 .A Hybrid Wired/Wireless Networking Infrastructure for Greenhouse Management
4 .A Virtual Control System for Automotive and Railway Industries
5.An On-line Distributed Induction Motor Monitoring System Based-on ARM and CAN Bus
6 .A Modular Real-Time Fieldbus Architecture for Mobile Robotic Platforms
7 .AWearable Sensing System for Tracking and Monitoring of Functional Arm Movement
8 .Implementation of X-10 protoclol for power line communication in Colleges and Industries
9 .Remote Monitoring and Diagnosis System for Wind Turbines Based on CAN
10. LIN sub network implementation for low cost automobile applications
11 .Mobile robot for overhead powerline inspection and a controlling method for obstacle avoidance
12 .Measurement and Control System of Soil Moisture of Large Greenhouse Group Based on Double CAN Bus
13 .Implementation of CAN bus in an autonomous all-terrain vehicle
14 .Bus data acquisition and romote monitoring system based on CAN bus and GPRS
15 .Research on an integral driving controller based on DSP for robot moving joints
16 .Design of vehicle bus data acquisition and fault diagnosis system
17 .Simulated Analysis on the Automobile Body Electrical Control System Based on CAN-LIN Bus
18 .Electricity Smart Meters Interfacing the Households
19 .Networked monitoring system based on embedded dynamic web
20 .Power saver for street lights/ large corridors/ Public places

Hence this post is very useful to final year enginnering students to decide their project titles.For more detail about the project in various fields such as Mech,EEE,EIE,Civil and CSE/IT visit our site newprojectideas.

To view a engineering Wireless & Network related project,

NEW IEEE PROJECTS TITLE FOR ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING


NEW IEEE PROJECTS TITLE FOR ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING:


We also offer student project guidance and training for final year projects in departments like ECE, EEE, E&I and other associated departments. We have a impeccable track record over the last ten years, during which we have guided thousands of projects in various domains.

  1. Electronic system for improvement of solar plant efficiency by optimized algorithm implemented in biaxial solar trackers
  2. Unbalanced Three-phase Optimal Power Flow for Smart Grids
  3. An efficient home energy management system based on Automatic Meter Reading
  4. Innovative 3D integration of power MOSFETs for synchronous buck converters
  5. Automatic changeover for 3 phase connections with data logger
  6. Eye tracking based driver fatigue monitoring and warning system
  7. A design of network remote control system
  8. Temperature-controlling system based on TEC
  9. A New Technique to Detect Faults in De-Energized Distribution Feeders Scheme and Asymmetrical Fault Detection
  10. Smart metering and home automation solutions for the next decade
  11. Energy economic analysis of PV based charging station at workplace parking garage
  12. Design of an innovative transformer load management in taipower
  13. A centralized monitoring and analysis system of transmission lines in mined-out area 
  14. Development of an power Transmission Online Monitoring System
  15. Automatic Switching of consumer connection in distribution feeder for efficient load distribution
  16. Maximum Power Point Tracking of Multiple Photovoltaic Arrays: A PSO Approach
  17. Improvement of electric railway transportation protection systems using a relay based on fuzzy logic
  18. A channel model for power line communication in the smart grid
  19. Advanced Logistical Systems for the Maintenance of Overhead Distribution Lines Through DCC With the Use of Laser Monitoring
  20. Broken Conductor Detection for Overhead Line Distribution System
  21. Line Losses Management System of Distribution Networks Based on Local Area Network
  22. Solar Tracking system for Maximum power output with real time power monitoring system
  23. Development of automatic line-tracking inspection device for high voltage transmission lines based on ground control
  24. Accurate location of phase-to-earth and phase-to-phase faults on power transmission lines using two-end synchronized measurements
  25. Transformer Load Sharing for efficiency improvement
Hence this post is very useful to final year enginnering students to decide their project titles.For more detail about the project in various fields such as Mech,EEE,EIE,Civil and CSE/IT visit our site newprojectideas.

To view the abstract and design of the selected project,click on the concerned project:


NEW IEEE PROJECTS FOR POWER ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

NEW IEEE PROJECTS FOR POWER ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING:

  
 We also offer student project guidance and training for final year projects in departments like ECE, EEE, E&I and other associated departments. We have a impeccable track record over the last ten years, during which we have guided thousands of projects in various domains.Some Power Electronics projects are:-

  1. Power-line communication-based network architecture for LVDC distribution system
  2. The verification of data acquisition approach for new fault location method in medium voltage networks
  3. Development of On-line monitoring system of substation power equipment based on IEEE1588 standard
  4. Design of DCDC Boost Converter with FNN Solar Cell Maximum Power Point Tracking Controller
  5. A Novel Improved Variable Step-Size Incremental-Resistance MPPT Method for PV Systems
  6. Design and realization of a photovoltaic system equipped with a digital MPPT control
  7. MPPT control strategy for wind energy conversion system based on RBF network
  8. Simulation of MPPT control algorithm for photovoltaic cell based on Matlab
  9. Embedded Power Manager for large industries and residential complexes
  10. Wireless power transmission technologies for solar power satellite
  11. Data Transfer using Flux in Inductive power transfer systems for high power machines
  12. Maximum Demand Controller for Industries
  13. Impact of green power generation on distribution systems in a smart grid
  14. Analysis of the Distributed Generation System and the Influence on Power Loss
  15. Power quality improvement of unbalanced power system with distributed generation units
  16. Power quality improvement of 1-Φ grid-connected PWM inverter using fuzzy with hysteresis current controller
  17. Application of STATCOM for power quality improvement
  18. Motor Multiparameter Monitoring System for fault prevention
  19. Power quality improvement of unbalanced power system with distributed generation units
  20. Synchronised Measurement Technology for Analysis of Transmission Lines Faults
      Hence this post is very useful to final year enginnering students to decide their project titles.For more detail about the project in various fields such as Mech,EEE,EIE,Civil and CSE/IT visit our site newprojectideas

  To view the abstract and design of the selected project,click on the concerned project:

IEEE 2012 PROJECT TITLES BASED ON RFID,SMART CARDS TECHNIQUES

NEW IEEE 2012 PROJECT TITLES BASED ON RFID,SMART CARDS TECHNIQUES:

This post discuss the top high rated RFID & Smart Cards project title to enhance your project ideas.Some RFID & Smart Cards related projects are:-


  1. Mifare contactless smart cards based versatile metropolitan cards for cashless convenience.
  2. Passive RFID based low cost implementation of multipurpose cards using centralized citizen database.
  3. Magnetic card based low cost and secure bank locker access system.
  4. Prescription drug abuse control system using secure smart cards.
  5. SD card based fleet monitoring system based multi parameter logging.
  6. Automatic rationing for public distribution system (PDS) using RFID
  7. Automatic rationing for PDS with consumption logger using smart cards.
  8. RFID and ZigBee based prepaid automatic fare system for public transports.
  9. Robust and efficient password-authenticated key agreement using smart cards for campus management
  10. Voter credentials system using RFID technique Unmanned bus ticket issuing system for passengers
  11. Involuntary attendance maintenance system through door access control
  12. Automated and unmanned railway gate crossing using RFID reader
  13. Involuntary station name display with voice attentive system for train.
  14. LPG Cylinder detection in home appliances using RFID
  15. Smart Card application in Consumer goods department.
Hence this post is very useful to final year enginnering students to decide their project titles.For more detail about the project in various fields such as Mech,EEE,EIE,Civil and CSE/IT visit our site newprojectideas.

To view the abstract and design of the selected project,click on the concerned project:

NEW IEEE 2012 PROJECT TITLES FOR ELECTRONIC & INSTRUMENTATION(PLC & SCADA) ENGINEERING

TOP PROJECT TITLES FOR ENGINEERING:

This post discuss the top high rated plc & scada project title to enhance your project ideas.Some instrumentation related projects are:-
  1. Implementation of a industrial process control using Embedded PLC with VI based SCADA
  2. An HyDCS architecture implementation using E-PLC and Embedded systems
  3. DCS using EPLC with virtual control panels based SCADA.
  4. EPLC based single board computer with HMI for industrial control.
  5. PLC based intelligent universal drive for stepper motors.
  6. A PLC based smart home system using sensor networks
  7. A DCS for monitoring and control of domestic societies with VI interface.
  8. PID controller for industries based on low cost soft PLCs.
  9. Agricultural commodity vending machine for departmental stores using PLC.
  10. Multi - channel voltage scanner using SCADA in embedded system
  11. SCADA system for turbine speed control and management in power plants
  12. Boiler temperature and control system for management using SCADA
  13. SCADA systems for distribution and substation automation
  14. SCADA systems for substation automation
  15. A test bed for secure and robust SCADA systems
  16. Controlling and monitoring of industrial parameters using CAMAC
  17. Conveyor belt control using PLC
  18. Revamping industrial RO plant using PLC.
  19. Automatic capping and filling system using PLC
  20. PLC based ESD(Emergency Shutdown)System.
Hence this post is very useful to final year engineering students to decide their project titles.For more detail about the project in various fields such as Mech,EEE,EIE,Civil and CSE/IT visit our site newprojectideas.

To view the abstract and design of the selected project,click on the concerned project:


TOP 30 NEW IEEE PROJECT TITLES FOR INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERING

TOP 30 NEW IEEE PROJECT TITLES FOR INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERING:
               
            This post provides the top 25 high rated INSTRUMENTAION project title to enhance your project ideas.Some related projects are:-

PROJECTS TITLES BASED ON VIRTUAL INSTRUMENTATION:


  1. e Virtual Panels for industrial automation over the internet using embedded web servers.
  2. A transparent TCP/IP channel using virtual instrumentation for signal transfers over LANs and WANs
  3. Virtual Instrumentation based SCADA for Hybrid DCS control systems in process control of industries.
  4. Design of multi instrument clusters using virtual instrumentation for automobiles dashboards.
  5. Virtual test benches for trouble shooting remote embedded systems through internet.
  6. Low cost multi channel DAQ cards for signal acquisitions and analysis using virtual instruments.
  7. Control of automatic bunkering system using virtual instrumentation.
  8. Coin chargers for mobile phones and portable devices at public places.
  9. e Virtual panels for WSN based monitoring of agricultural fields.
  10. Cumulative power logger for distributed power consumption monitoring system.



PROJECTS TITLES BASED ON SENSOR & TRANSDUCERS:


  1. Ambient conditions logger for cargo containers for international commerce transparency.
  2. Portable Multi parameter loggers for versatile applications.
  3. Sensor nodes design and construction for storage house parameters monitoring
  4. Versatile sensor nodes for use in WSN for burst mode or continuous data acquisition.
  5. Ultrasonics level readers based flood alert system for infrastructure in the proximity of water bodies.
  6. PIR sensor triggered motion detection and video surveillance system for security applications.
  7. MEMS based infrastructural predictive maintenance systems with GSM alerting function.
  8. Alerting head gear for drivers for preventing
  9. drowsiness of drivers using dual axis MEMS accelerometers.
  10. Passenger alerting system using volatile gas sensors to detect LPG/CNG leakage in an automobile.
  11. Vehicle ignition over ride system using breath analyzers for preventing drunken driving.
  12. Multi parameter recorder using memory cards for fleet monitoring system.
  13. Multiple coin based smart coin phone system with precise coin acceptance system.
  14. Vehicle pollution monitoring and automatic service time indication with fuel quality indication for
  15. automobiles.
  16. Sophisticated portable bird scaring system for agricultural applications.
  17. On Board Diagnostic system for automobiles for manufacturer independent vehicle diagnostics.
  18. Group elevator scheduling with advance information for normal and emergency modes in building management systems
  19. Vehicle safety system with alcohol detector
  20. Involuntary industrial power scheduler using embedded system
               


             Hence this post is very useful to final year instrumentation enginnering students to decide their project titles.For more detail about the project in various fields such as Mech,EEE,EIE,Civil,ICE,CHEM,BIO-TECHand CSE/IT visit our site newprojectideas    

For more detail about instrumentation project with abstract,model & design,
Visit-Instumentation based Robotics Project
Labview basedInstrumentation project
Project based on Industrial Instrumentation

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          INSTRUMENTATION projects,IEEE 2012  INSTRUMENTATION projects,IEEE 2012 EIE & ICE projects titles,Award winning ICE projects titles.



IEEE 2012 PROJECTS FOR ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

WIDE RANGE SPEED CONTROL OF DC MOTOR BY CONTROLLING SUPPLYING CURRENT USING PWM:

Abstract:
         The concept of this project is to control the speed of the DC motor by controlling the supplying current using pulse width modulation(PWM) method.By using PWM techniques we can chop the ac signal to control the speed of the DC motor.This techniques are commonly used in all sector next to armature control of the DC motor.

Components Required:

  • 240 V DC motor
  • AutoTransformer(0-300V)
  • PWM circulation kit
  • 240 AC supply,50 Hz
  • Transistors,Resistor,Capacitor & Diode to design a circuit.

About DC Motor:
          A DC motor is the electric motor runs on electricity direct (DC) current. DC motors used to operate the machines, and the elimination of often need local steam engine or the internal combustion engine. DC motors can be easily operate directly from rechargeable batteries, and provide the driving force for the first electric vehicles. Presently, DC motors plays small applications such as toys and drives, or in large volumes to run the steel mills rolling machines and paper. And almost always run modern DC motors in conjunction with the electronic power devices

Speed Control using PWM:
        The difference methods are commonly used Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) or duty cycle to control the speed of the DC motors. The duty cycle is defined as a percentage of the 'high' digital to digital 'low' Digital Plus 'high' pulse width during PWM.
     
                    DC voltage average value of 0% duty cycle is zero, with a duty cycle of 25% of the average value 1.25V (25% of 5V). With a duty cycle of 50% of the average value 2.5V, and if the duty cycle is 75%, and the average voltage 3.75V and so on. Duty cycle can be maximum 100%, which is equivalent waveform DC. Thus by changing the pulse width, we can vary the average voltage across the motor DC, and thus speed.

Conclusion:
             By using PWM techniques we can chop or trim the supplying current admitted to the DC motor and hence the speed of this DC motor is controlled.This controlled DC motor is used in various field based on their application.

IEEE 2012 PROJECTS FOR ELECTRONICS & INSTRMENTATION ENGINEERING

VOICE BASED CONTROL OF HOME APPLIANCES USING LabVIEW:

Abstract:
       The concept of this project is based on the control of home appliances such as fan,light and electric motor.The major plus of this project is using LabVIEW software for control purpose.Because the cost of home appliances control using microcontroller is higher than LabVIEW control.

Components used in this project:
  • Microphone to receive voice command
  • Labview software designing PC
  • Relay circuit.
  • NI-DAQ system
  • Appliances-Fan & Light
  • Serial Port Cables
About LabVIEW:
       Composed of a standard personal computer, suitable software, and appropriate hardware tailored to the task
       User-defined systems
       Computer assisted
       Virtual Instrument is an instrument has the all main properties of a real one, but it is being “only” a computer program
       Hardware, software, interface between software and hardware
       Hardware mainly consists of sensors and transducers
       Software supporting data acquisition
       Interface (I/O): any combination of industry standard hardware--IEEE-488.2, RS-232 devices, VXI/MXI systems, field buses

About DAQ(Data Acqiustion System):
  • Data acquisition is the process of acquiring signals that measure real world physical quantitiess and converting them into digital numeric values.
  • The collected real time value is manipulated by a computer.
  • The process of Data acquisition systems is to convert analog waveforms into digital values. 

Components needed for DAQ:

  1.  Sensors that convert physical parameters into electrical signals.
  2. Signal conditioning system to condition the signal
  3. ADC Converter.
About Relay Circuit:

    A relay is an electrically operated manual switch. The mechanism used in this relay is electromagnet to operate a switch, but other operating principles are also used in various fields.Among various relays electromagnet relay is common in various application. Relays are used  to control a circuit by a low-power signal or where several circuits must be controlled by one signal communication.

Serial Port Communication:
    
          Popular means of communication between computer and peripheral device
          Data sent one bit at a time across the cable
          Used for low transfer rates or long distances
          Only a cable is needed since most computers have at least one available serial port

Process of this project:
        Voice from the microphone is received and processed in LabVIEW voice zone.Some appliances to be controlled is initially feed on the prescribed software.Hence based on the data of voice acquired the following appliances are detected.If the commander command to switch on the fan,the voice processing zone detects the word and it enables the signal to ON the fan.One the pulse signal is acquired the relay circuit is used to operate the home appliances.DAQ is used to convert the analog voice signal into digital form which is processed by computer.

Conclusion:
        Hence this project is identified to reduce the human work or effort.The person from his actual place can control the appliances in his home through his voice command.










·          

IEEE 2012 Project for Communication Engineering

WATER FLOW CONTROL FROM REMOTE LOCATION USING WIRELESS:

Abstract:
       In industrial area control of water sequence flow is essential.Many industries like Petrochemical,Power plant,Cement,Oil refineries are based on the control of parameters like flow,temperature,pressure and moisture are essential.Our motto is to control the water flow in industries by using auto controlling control valve.This control is obtained from the remote location by using Wireless(ZIGBEE)

Components required for this Project:
*Zigbee module kit
*Flow based mechanical setup
*Closed control system process kit
*Control Valve
*Monitoring Setup
*Microcontroller kit for Operation

About Zigbee:

            IEEE standard 802.15.4 an Zigbee product intends to produce offer a fundamental network layers of a type of wireless personal area network (WPAN),LAN and PAN which focuses on low-cost for purchase, low-speed  communication between devices such as Wi-Fi. The emphasis is on very low cost communication of nearby devices with little to no underlying infrastructure, intending to exploit this to lower power consumption even more.
The range of this network is 1.6 miles.Operator can operate the signal within a range of 1.6 miles,which is 10 times greater than that of bluetooth devices,
Even lower rates should  be considered with the low resulting effect for low power consumption. As already noted, the main feature of IEEE 802.15.4 among WPAN's is the importance of manufacturing this wireless network at very low cost.
About Control valve:
Control valves are kind of hardware valves used to control certain industrial parameters as mentioned above by fully opening or partially opening or closing fully in response to signals obtained  from controllers that compare a "setpoint/reference value" to a "process variables" .
The operation of control valves is done automatically by actuators.Different type of actuators are pneumatic,electrical and hydraulic.Among these electrical actuators are common in industries.For pneumatic the controller is worked in the range from 0-15 psi.In case of electrical 0-15 psi is converted into 4-20 mA.
Some characteristics of Control valve is quick opening,parabolic opening and equivalent opening.
Different type of control valve:
  • Butterfly valve
  • Hand valve
  • Rotatory valve
  • Pressurized valve


Actual Process:
The operator from  remote location is capable to set the set point of the water flow to 700 lph.Now the process starts commanded from remote area.The manual operation of the water flow control is to regulates the water flow with control valve.To increase the flow of liquid the number of turns in control valve is increased to obtain a large place for flow.For maintaining of low water flow the number of turns is reduced.Hence this control valve is controlled by using closed loop system based on the reference value.Hence this project consists of two set of transceivers.One is placed near water control loop system and another in remote areas.Once the value is entered in the remote area the control valve is tends to rotate the valve for high range of space in control valve deposit.The water flow is monitored and datas are passed through the transceiver of Zigbee module(IEEE 802 module) to the remote area.By using this method we can monitor and control the water flow of the water loop system.

Advantage:


  • Maintainence cost is low
  • Operation is very easy
  • Easy to detect error
  • Increase the monitoring Efficiency

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